Degree Of Freedom: DF = k - m - 1
k - number of categories">m:
Matched pairs
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Copy the data, one block of 3 consecutive columns includes the top header row and left header column, and paste below. example
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k | Number of categories | |
n | Sample size | |
χ² | Chi square test statistic | |
DF | ||
Phi effect (Φ) | Φ=√(χ2/n) |
Target: Check if the statistical model fits the observations.
The test uses Chi-square distribution.
The test checks only the cases when the status of the dichotomous variable was changed.
The null assumption is that the probability to switch from A to B equals the probability to switch from B to A, equals 0.5.
Before \ After | A | B |
A | No change | A to B |
B | B to A | No change |
The null assumption is that the two categorical variables are independent.
The following R code should produce the same results:
Goodness of fit example: checking a fair dice.
Model: the probability of each side is equal - 1/6.
H0: fair dice.
H1: unfair dice.
The groups are the dice's numbers (1,2,3,4,5,6).
In this example, you throw the dice n times.
Expected frequencies - for each group are n/6.
Observed frequencies - the actual times each number appears.